std::replace_copy, std::replace_copy_if

Defined in header `<algorithm>`
	(1)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class T > OutputIt replace_copy( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first, const T& old_value, const T& new_value );			(until C++20)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class T > constexpr OutputIt replace_copy( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first, const T& old_value, const T& new_value );			(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class T > ForwardIt2 replace_copy( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last, ForwardIt2 d_first, const T& old_value, const T& new_value );		(2)	(since C++17)
		(3)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate, class T > OutputIt replace_copy_if( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first, UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value );				(until C++20)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate, class T > constexpr OutputIt replace_copy_if( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first, UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value );				(since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class UnaryPredicate, class T > ForwardIt2 replace_copy_if( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last, ForwardIt2 d_first, UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value );			(4)	(since C++17)

Copies the elements from the range [first, last) to another range beginning at d_first, while replacing all elements satisfying specific criteria with new_value. If the source and destination ranges overlap, the behavior is undefined.

1) Replaces all elements that are equal to old_value (using operator==).

3) Replaces all elements for which predicate p returns true.

2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless

std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true.	(until C++20)
std::is_execution_policy_v<std::remove_cvref_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true.	(since C++20)

Parameters

first, last	-	the range of elements to copy
d_first	-	the beginning of the destination range
old_value	-	the value of elements to replace
policy	-	the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
p	-	unary predicate which returns true if the element value should be replaced. The expression p(v) must be convertible to bool for every argument `v` of type (possibly const) `VT`, where `VT` is the value type of `InputIt`, regardless of value category, and must not modify `v`. Thus, a parameter type of VT&is not allowed, nor is VT unless for `VT` a move is equivalent to a copy (since C++11).
new_value	-	the value to use as replacement
Type requirements
- `InputIt` must meet the requirements of LegacyInputIterator.
- `OutputIt` must meet the requirements of LegacyOutputIterator.
- `ForwardIt1, ForwardIt2` must meet the requirements of LegacyForwardIterator.
- The results of the expressions *first and new_value must be writable to d_first.

Return value

Iterator to the element past the last element copied.

Complexity

Given N as std::distance(first, last):

1,2) exactly N comparisons with old_value using operator==

3,4) exactly N applications of the predicate p

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and ExecutionPolicy is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Possible implementation

replace_copy

template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, class T>
OutputIt replace_copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,
                      const T& old_value, const T& new_value)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first)
        *d_first++ = (*first == old_value) ? new_value : *first;
    return d_first;
}

replace_copy_if

template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, 
         class UnaryPredicate, class T>
OutputIt replace_copy_if(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first,
                         UnaryPredicate p, const T& new_value)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first)
        *d_first++ = p(*first) ? new_value : *first;
    return d_first;
}

Example

The following copy-prints a vector, replacing all values over 5 with 99 on the fly.

Run this code

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v {5, 7, 4, 2, 8, 6, 1, 9, 0, 3};
    std::replace_copy_if(v.begin(), v.end(),
                         std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "),
                         [](int n){ return n > 5; }, 99);
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

5 99 4 2 99 99 1 99 0 3

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 283	C++98	`T` was required to be CopyAssignable (and EqualityComparable for `replace_copy`), but the value type of `InputIt` is not always `T`	removed the requirement
LWG 337	C++98	`replace_copy_if` only required `InputIt` to meet the requirements of LegacyIterator^[1]	corrected to LegacyInputIterator

↑ The actual defect in the C++ standard is that the template parameter InputIterator was misspecified as Iterator. This affects the type requirements because the C++ standard states that for the function templates in the alrogithms library, the template type parameters whose name ends with Iterator imply the type requirements of the corresponding iterator categories.

Compiler support
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Language
Standard library
Standard library headers
Named requirements
Feature test macros (C++20)
Language support library
Concepts library (C++20)
Metaprogramming library (C++11)
Diagnostics library
General utilities library
Strings library
Containers library
Iterators library
Ranges library (C++20)
Algorithms library
Numerics library
Localizations library
Input/output library
Filesystem library (C++17)
Regular expressions library (C++11)
Concurrency support library (C++11)
Technical specifications
Symbols index
External libraries

replacereplace_if	replaces all values satisfying specific criteria with another value (function template)
removeremove_if	removes elements satisfying specific criteria (function template)
ranges::replace_copyranges::replace_copy_if (C++20)(C++20)	copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value (niebloid)