std::ranges::views::join, std::ranges::join_view

 

C++

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Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Ranges library

Range access
begin cbegin end cend	rbegin crbegin rend crend	size ssize data cdata	empty
Range conversions
to (C++23)
Range primitives
range_size_trange_difference_trange_value_trange_reference_t	iterator_tconst_iterator_tsentinel_tconst_sentinel_t (C++23)(C++23)	range_const_reference_trange_rvalue_reference_trange_common_reference_t (C++23)	elements_of (C++23)
Dangling iterator handling
dangling	borrowed_iterator_t	borrowed_subrange_t
Range concepts
range borrowed_range sized_range constant_range (C++23)	common_range view viewable_range	input_range output_range forward_range	bidirectional_range random_access_range contiguous_range
Views
view_interface	subrange
Range factories
empty_viewviews::empty single_viewviews::single	iota_viewviews::iota repeat_viewviews::repeat (C++23)(C++23)	basic_istream_viewviews::istream
Range adaptors
views::all_tviews::all ref_view owning_view as_rvalue_viewviews::as_rvalue (C++23)(C++23) filter_viewviews::filter transform_viewviews::transform take_viewviews::take take_while_viewviews::take_while	drop_viewviews::drop drop_while_viewviews::drop_while join_viewviews::join join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)(C++23) lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split split_viewviews::split views::counted common_viewviews::common	reverse_viewviews::reverse as_const_viewviews::as_const (C++23)(C++23) elements_viewviews::elements keys_viewviews::keys values_viewviews::values enumerate_viewviews::enumerate (C++23)(C++23) zip_viewviews::zip (C++23)(C++23) zip_transform_viewviews::zip_transform (C++23)(C++23)	adjacent_viewviews::adjacent (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise (C++23) adjacent_transform_viewviews::adjacent_transform (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise_transform (C++23) chunk_viewviews::chunk (C++23)(C++23) slide_viewviews::slide (C++23)(C++23) chunk_by_viewviews::chunk_by (C++23)(C++23) stride_viewviews::stride (C++23)(C++23) cartesian_product_viewviews::cartesian_product (C++23)(C++23)
Range generators
std::generator (C++23)
Range adaptor objects
Range adaptor closure objects
range_adaptor_closure (C++23)
Helper items
copyable-box movable-box (until C++23)(C++23)	simple-view non-propagating-cache

 

std::ranges::join_view

Member functions

join_view::join_view (C++20)

join_view::base (C++20)

join_view::begin (C++20)

join_view::end (C++20)

Deduction guides

Iterator

join_view::iterator::iterator (C++20)

join_view::iterator::operator* join_view::iterator::operator-> (C++20)(C++20)

join_view::iterator::operator++ join_view::iterator::operator++(int) join_view::iterator::operator-- join_view::iterator::operator--(int) (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

join_view::iterator::satisfy (C++20)

operator==(join_view::iterator) (C++20)

iter_move(join_view::iterator) (C++20)

iter_swap(join_view::iterator) (C++20)

Sentinel

join_view::sentinel::sentinel (C++20)

operator==(join_view::iterator,join_view::sentinel) (C++20)

 

Defined in header <ranges>
template< ranges::input_range V >     requires ranges::view<V> and              ranges::input_range<ranges::range_reference_t<V>> class join_view :     public ranges::view_interface<join_view<V>>	(1)	(since C++20)
namespace views {     inline constexpr /* unspecified */ join = /* unspecified */; }	(2)	(since C++20)

1) A range adaptor that represents view consisting of the sequence obtained from flattening a view of ranges.

2) RangeAdaptorObject (and also RangeAdaptorClosureObject). The expression views::join(e) is expression-equivalent to join_view<views::all_t<decltype((e))>>{e} for any suitable subexpressions e.

Member functions

(constructor) (C++20)	constructs a join_view (public member function)
base (C++20)	returns a copy of the underlying (adapted) view (public member function)
begin (C++20)	returns an iterator to the beginning (public member function)
end (C++20)	returns an iterator or a sentinel to the end (public member function)
Inherited from std::ranges::view_interface
empty (C++20)	returns whether the derived view is empty. Provided if it satisfies sized_range or forward_range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
cbegin (C++23)	returns a constant iterator to the beginning of the range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
cend (C++23)	returns a sentinel for the constant iterator of the range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
operator bool (C++20)	returns whether the derived view is not empty. Provided if ranges::empty is applicable to it. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
front (C++20)	returns the first element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies forward_range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
back (C++20)	returns the last element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies bidirectional_range and common_range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)

Nested classes

iterator (C++20)	the iterator type (exposition-only member class template*)
sentinel (C++20)	the sentinel type (exposition-only member class template*)

Notes

Before P2328R1 was adopted, the inner range type (ranges::range_reference_t<V>) cannot be a container type (but can be reference to container). For example, it was not allowed to join a transform_view of std::string prvalue.

struct Person { int age; std::string name; };
 
auto f(std::vector<Person>& v) {
//  return v | std::views::transform([](auto& p){ return p.name; })
//           | std::views::join; // error before P2328R1
    return v | std::views::transform([](auto& p) -> std::string& { return p.name; })
             | std::views::join; // OK
}

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <string_view>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    using namespace std::literals;
 
    const auto bits = {"https:"sv, "//"sv, "cppreference"sv, "."sv, "com"sv};
    for (char const c : bits | std::views::join)
        std::cout << c;
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    const std::vector<std::vector<int>> v{{1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6}, {7, 8, 9}};
    auto jv = std::ranges::join_view(v);
    for (int const e : jv)
        std::cout << e << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

https://cppreference.com
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 3474	C++20	views::join(e) returned a copy of e when e is a join_view	returns a nested join_view
P2328R1	C++20	non-view range prvalues could not be joined by join_view	made joinable

See also

ranges::join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)	a view consisting of the sequence obtained from flattening a view of ranges, with the delimiter in between elements (class template) (range adaptor object)
ranges::split_viewviews::split (C++20)	a view over the subranges obtained from splitting another view using a delimiter (class template) (range adaptor object)
ranges::lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split (C++20)	a view over the subranges obtained from splitting another view using a delimiter (class template) (range adaptor object)