std::atomic_flag_test_and_set, std::atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit

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atomic_flag_test_and_setatomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit
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Defined in header <atomic>
(1) (since C++11)
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set( volatile std::atomic_flag* p ) noexcept;
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set( std::atomic_flag* p ) noexcept;
(2) (since C++11)
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit( volatile std::atomic_flag* p,
                                        std::memory_order order ) noexcept;
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit( std::atomic_flag* p,
                                        std::memory_order order ) noexcept;

Atomically changes the state of a std::atomic_flag pointed to by p to set (true) and returns the value it held before.

Parameters

p - pointer to std::atomic_flag to access
order - the memory synchronization order for this operation

Return value

The value previously held by the flag pointed to by p

Possible implementation

First version 
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(volatile std::atomic_flag* p)
{
    return p->test_and_set();
}
Second version 
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(std::atomic_flag* p)
{
    return p->test_and_set();
}
Third version 
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile std::atomic_flag* p, 
                                       std::memory_order order)
{
    return p->test_and_set(order);
}
Fourth version 
bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(std::atomic_flag* p, 
                                       std::memory_order order) 
{
    return p->test_and_set(order);
}

Example

A spinlock mutex can be implemented in userspace using an atomic_flag.

Run this code
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <atomic>
 
std::atomic_flag lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
 
void f(int n)
{
    for (int cnt = 0; cnt < 100; ++cnt) {
        while(std::atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(&lock, std::memory_order_acquire))
             ; // spin until the lock is acquired
        std::cout << "Output from thread " << n << '\n';
        std::atomic_flag_clear_explicit(&lock, std::memory_order_release);
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<std::thread> v;
    for (int n = 0; n < 10; ++n) {
        v.emplace_back(f, n);
    }
    for (auto& t : v) {
        t.join();
    }
}

Output: 

Output from thread 2
Output from thread 6
Output from thread 7
...<exactly 1000 lines>...

See also

(C++11)
 the lock-free boolean atomic type
(class)
(C++11)(C++11)
 atomically sets the value of the flag to false
(function)
(C++11)
 defines memory ordering constraints for the given atomic operation
(enum)
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