fgets

Defined in header `<stdio.h>`
char fgets( char str, int count, FILE *stream );		(until C99)
char fgets( char restrict str, int count, FILE *restrict stream );		(since C99)

Reads at most count - 1 characters from the given file stream and stores them in the character array pointed to by str. Parsing stops if a newline character is found, in which case str will contain that newline character, or if end-of-file occurs. If bytes are read and no errors occur, writes a null character at the position immediately after the last character written to str.

Parameters

str	-	pointer to an element of a char array
count	-	maximum number of characters to write (typically the length of `str`)
stream	-	file stream to read the data from

Return value

str on success, null pointer on failure.

If the end-of-file condition is encountered, sets the eof indicator on stream (see feof()). This is only a failure if it causes no bytes to be read, in which case a null pointer is returned and the contents of the array pointed to by str are not altered (i.e. the first byte is not overwritten with a null character).

If the failure has been caused by some other error, sets the error indicator (see ferror()) on stream. The contents of the array pointed to by str are indeterminate (it may not even be null-terminated).

Notes

POSIX additionally requires that fgets sets errno if a read error occurs.

Although the standard specification is unclear in the cases where count<=1, common implementations do

if count < 1, do nothing, report error
if count == 1,

some implementations do nothing, report error,
others read nothing, store zero in str[0], report success

Example

Run this code

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    FILE* tmpf = tmpfile();
    fputs("Alan Turing\n", tmpf);
    fputs("John von Neumann\n", tmpf);
    fputs("Alonzo Church\n", tmpf);
 
    rewind(tmpf);
 
    char buf[8];
    while (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, tmpf) != NULL)
          printf("\"%s\"\n", buf);
 
    if (feof(tmpf))
       puts("End of file reached");
}

Output:

"Alan Tu"
"ring
"
"John vo"
"n Neuma"
"nn
"
"Alonzo "
"Church
"
End of file reached

References

C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):

7.21.7.2 The fgets function (p: 241)

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

7.21.7.2 The fgets function (p: 331)

C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

7.19.7.2 The fgets function (p: 296)

C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

4.9.7.2 The fgets function

Language
Headers
Type support
Program utilities
Variadic function support
Error handling
Dynamic memory management
Strings library
Algorithms
Numerics
Date and time utilities
Input/output support
Localization support
Concurrency support (C11)
Technical Specifications
Symbol index

scanffscanfsscanfscanf_sfscanf_ssscanf_s (C11)(C11)(C11)	reads formatted input from stdin, a file stream or a buffer (function)
getsgets_s (removed in C11)(C11)	reads a character string from `stdin` (function)
fputs	writes a character string to a file stream (function)
getlinegetwlinegetdelimgetwdelim (dynamic memory TR)	read from a stream into an automatically resized buffer until delimiter/end of line (function)